158063-66-2 | 4-(Trifluoromethyl)nicotinic acid

CAS:158063-66-2 | 4-(Trifluoromethyl)nicotinic acid ,Description

4-(Trifluoromethyl)nicotinic acid (4-TFNA) is an important organic compound that has a wide range of applications in both scientific research and industry. 4-TFNA has been used in the synthesis of many compounds, including drugs and other bioactive molecules, and has been studied for its biochemical and physiological effects. 
 

Scientific Research Applications

Lipid Profile Modification

4-(Trifluoromethyl)nicotinic acid, commonly referred to in the literature as nicotinic acid or niacin, has been widely recognized for its role in modifying lipid profiles. It is notably potent in increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) while decreasing triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C). This distinctive lipid-modifying capability makes it a valuable compound in the treatment of lipid disorders and has potential implications in reducing cardiovascular disease risk. The compound's efficacy in lipid modification is attributed to its ability to inhibit lipolysis in adipocytes, thereby reducing plasma free fatty acid levels. However, it's important to note that these lipid-lowering effects might only account for a part of the compound's effects on plasma lipids, with other mechanisms potentially involved (Goldberg & Jacobson, 2008), (Figge et al., 1988), (Kang et al., 2011).

Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention

The application of nicotinic acid extends beyond lipid modification, contributing significantly to the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. Studies have highlighted its role in reducing cardiovascular events and slowing the progression of atherosclerosis. The elucidation of its receptor, G-protein-coupled receptor 109A (GPR109A), has provided insights into how nicotinic acid induces a favorable alteration in the lipid profile. Emerging evidence also suggests non-lipid-mediated anti-inflammatory effects of nicotinic acid, such as direct enhancement of adiponectin secretion, demonstrating its atheroprotective role (Digby et al., 2009), (McCormack & Keating, 2005).

Understanding of Molecular Mechanisms and Gene Expression

Further research into nicotinic acid has shed light on its effects on gene expression in various tissues, offering a deeper understanding of its mechanisms. These effects might be directly mediated via the nicotinic acid receptor in the affected cells, or indirectly through changes in circulating free fatty acid or hormone levels induced by nicotinic acid. The recent discovery of nicotinic acid's effects on gene expression provides new insights into previously unexplained effects, such as free fatty acid-independent lipid-lowering effects and insulin resistance observed in clinics during nicotinic acid treatment (Kang et al., 2011).

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