455-86-7 | 3,4-Difluorobenzoic acid

CAS:455-86-7 | 3,4-Difluorobenzoic acid,Description

Synthesis Analysis

The synthesis of fluorinated benzoic acids often involves strategic functionalization of the benzene ring to introduce fluorine atoms and the carboxylic group at specific positions. A practical synthesis approach involves multi-step reactions including nitration, esterification, reduction, diazotization, and hydrolysis. For example, a practical synthesis method for a closely related compound, 3-chloro-2,4-difluoro-5-hydroxybenzoic acid, achieved from 2,4-difluoro-3-chlorobenzoic acid, showcases the complex methodology typically employed in synthesizing fluorinated aromatic acids, achieving a 70% overall yield under controlled reaction conditions (Zhang et al., 2020).

Molecular Structure Analysis

The molecular structure of 3,4-difluorobenzoic acid, like its fluorinated counterparts, is analyzed using various spectroscopic techniques, including FT-IR, FT-Raman, UV, NMR, and mass spectrometry. These methods provide detailed information on the molecular conformation, vibrational modes, electronic transitions, and the overall molecular geometry. Studies on similar difluorobenzoic acids have employed density functional theory (DFT) and second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) to calculate the structural properties, offering insights into the effects of fluorination on molecular stability and reactivity (Karabacak et al., 2011).

Scientific Research Applications

• Thermodynamics of Ionization : A study explored the thermodynamics of ionization of fluorobenzoic acids, including 3,4-Difluorobenzoic acid, in water, contributing to the understanding of their chemical properties (Strong, Brummel, & Lindower, 1987).
• Tracer in Porous Media : 3,4-Difluorobenzoate, a derivative, is used as a tracer for studying water movement in porous media. This application aids in environmental studies and soil science, though its agronomic usage limits its application in certain contexts (Jaynes, 1994).
• Synthesis of Pharmaceutical Impurities : It serves as an intermediate for preparing impurities of the antibiotic moxifloxacin (Zhang et al., 2017).
• Synthesis of Lanthanide Complexes : 2,4-Difluorobenzoic acid, a related compound, is used in synthesizing new lanthanide complexes, including temperature sensors (Chen et al., 2021).
• Production of Chemical Derivatives : It is also used in chemical reactions to produce various derivatives, such as 3,5-dibromo-2,6-difluorophenyltriethylsilane (Schlosser & Heiss, 2003).
• Water Tracers in Environmental Studies : Difluorobenzoates, including 3,4-Difluorobenzoic acid, are useful as nonreactive water tracers in soil and groundwater environments (Bowman & Gibbens, 1992).
• Spectroscopy Studies : The study of related compounds like 2-amino-4,5-difluorobenzoic acid helps in understanding their equilibrium geometry, vibrational frequencies, and spectroscopic properties (Sundaraganesan, Ilakiamani, & Dominic Joshua, 2007).

Safety And Hazards

3,4-Difluorobenzoic acid may cause respiratory irritation, skin irritation, and serious eye irritation. It is harmful if swallowed. It is recommended to use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area, avoid breathing dust/fumes, and avoid contact with skin and eyes.

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